The arthrosis of the joints is a complex dystrophic disease associated with the destruction of cartilage tissue inside the joints.This pathological process is the most common joint diseases all over the world.Osteoarthritis manifests itself through pain, morning stiffness and restricting mobility.The gradual progress of the symptoms is characteristic, but the development of the disease can be different.
The diagnosis is made on the basis of an anamnesis, clinical examination and radiography results.The treatment of osteoarthritis is usually conservative: training therapy, anti -inflammatory medication, physiology, blockade, etc.
We will consider what this disease is and how it should be treated.We will continue to take into account in the article.
What is osteoarthritis?
Arthrosis are degenerative changes in the structure of the joints accompanied by pain and visible deformations.The second name of the disease used in international classification - osteoarthrosis.
The disease is characterized by slow progress, although it can be accelerated by some external factors.It all depends on the individual properties of the body, the human illness and its method of vital activity.
According to statistics, osteoarthritis is ill with 6.5–12% of the world's population.Mostly over 65 years suffer (62–85% of cases).There is a tendency to "rejuvenate" pathology: In different countries, around 30 to 35% of patients are people aged 45 to 65 and 2-3% aged 20 to 45 years.
People who are not familiar with medicine believe that arthritis and arthrosis are one and the same.In fact, this is not the case, because in the first case the disease is acute inflammatory and in the second - a long, less pronounced chronic.
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The wording of the diagnosis for osteoarthritis can vary, although the essence of the disease is the same.In most cases, the questions and the misunderstanding of patients are related to several terminal conditions of osteoarthritis:
- Arthrosoarthritis is classic arthrosis in which an inflammatory process is pronounced.
- Osteoarthrosis is absolutely the same osteoarthritis;
- Deformation (osteoarthrosis) - the so -called late stages of the disease, which manifest itself by deforming and closing the joint;
- Coksartrose - a abbreviated term that describes the lesion of the hip joint;
- Gonar rose is an abbreviated term that means "osteoarthritis of the knee joint";
- Spondylarthrosis is the lesion of the osteoarthritis of the small archer heating associations of the spine.
There are many varieties of this disease.The classification can occur based on the localization of affected areas and depending on the causes of the disease.
Types of osteoarthritis depending on the localization:
- Knee
- Hip joints
- Cervical
- Brutal
- Hands and fingers
- Spine
- ankle
- Primary polyosteoarthrosis
Depending on the number of connections involved, the following varieties are differentiated:
- Monoarthrosis.
- Oligoarthrosis - No more than 2 joints are affected.
- Polyarthrosis - involved from 3 joint groups.
The degree of damage to the connection
| Degree of arthrosis | Symptoms |
| 1 degree | The first stage of osteoarthritis - there is no pronounced morphological changes, only the composition of the synovial fluid is disturbed.The liquid supply worse to the cartilage tissue with nutrients, the resistance of the cartilage against conventional loads decreases.Due to the overload of the articular surfaces, inflammation occurs, pain. |
| 2 degrees | The joint is destroyed.Osteophytes are formed.Pain in loads and exercise becomes stronger, a characteristic crunch in affected areas can be heard. |
| 3 degrees | This is the most serious stage of development of this disease.There is a pathological change in the places of pain joints.Inflammation occurs.The patient feels stiffness when moving, since the muscles cannot contract completely and fulfill their functions. |
Reasons
The formation of osteoarthritis is facilitated by two causes - the stress and the lack of a full diet, which provides vitamins and minerals to restore the tissue.The joints of every person bear a load.The athletes and dancers with physical work are the load on the feet larger, which means that bone joints wear out faster and require a high diet.With a calm lifestyle, the support apparatus deteriorates more slowly, but also requires regular renewal of the fabrics.
Primary osteoarthritis
This type is most commonly associated with the congenital inferiority and the tendency of the cartilage to damage and destruction as a result of metabolic disorders.The most common causes that cause this disease:
- Erb and genetic;
- Menopause;
- Frequent and at first glance slight injuries (for example among athletes).
Secondary arthrosis
The secondary type is most frequently deformed and develops against the background of a decrease in the stability of the cartilage for the usual stress.The development of this pathology is relieved by:
- Injuries;
- Obesity;
- Weakness of ribbons and muscles;
- Arthritis.
The disposition for the disease increases with increasing age.After 70 years, every second pensioner is diagnosed with osteoarthritis.Since the maximum load falls on the feet (one person moves - walking, standing, running, jumping), the first characters are formed.
Signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis
Arthrosis belongs to the category of chronic diseases.Sometimes the disease can run imperceptibly for years and only occasionally remember pain on the joint on the joint or the unpleasant movement.But it also happens that the disease quickly develops into a difficult stage in just a few months.
In any case, it is important to remember if you do not treat the disease, increase your symptoms over time, which worsens quality of life and, in severe cases, leads to disability and immobilization.
Symptoms with arthrosis of the joints:
- Pain.Painful sensations with osteoarthritis are particularly pronounced in different types of loads.When a person comes into a state of peace after a while, unpleasant sensations disappear.Pain is located directly at the place where changes to the usual body structures have occurred.In some cases, pain in osteoarthritis can occur if a person rests and is completely relaxed.They appear very sharp and strong, which can be compared to toothache.Most of the time this happens in the morning.
- The second sign of osteoarthritis is a crunch, but you should not confuse this symptom with the usual click of the joints that can be found in almost every person and do not cause any symptoms.A crunch in the disease is characterized by rough and dry sound, it brings pain and severe symptoms.With the development of the disease, the symptom becomes clearer and more painful.
- Reduction of mobility of the joint.It is also regarded as one of the characteristic symptoms of osteoarthritis, but already appears in the stage of active progression of the disease.During the development of osteoarthritis, the growth/germination of bone -navigation occurs, which leads to cramps of the muscle tissue and reduces the lumen in the joint bag - the restriction of the movement at this location is guaranteed.
- Joint deformation.Its modification is determined by the fact that osteophytes grow on the surface of the bones and the synovial fluid arrives.Although the deformation is one of the latest symptoms, arthrosis is to a large extent.
- Changes in the muscle tone.Especially with severe pain, the periartic muscles are reflexively tense.In the future, when motor activity is lost, the muscles atrophy.
- Skin manifestations.An optional sign.In the initial phases, redness of the skin is possible in the projection of the joint.In the future, when arthrosis and atrophy of the muscles progresses, the skin becomes pale, dry, pigmented.
| Joints that affect arthrosis more often: | Suffered less frequently: |
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Complications
If osteoarthritis is treated in time and not correctly, this can not only lead to the full destruction of the diseased joint, but also to change the biomechanics of the spine, which begins its hernias in the intervertebral discs and the development of osteoarthritis in other, previously healthy joints.
The risk of early treatment of any kind of osteoarthritis lies in the associated complications, adverse consequences:
- The inflamed joints are deformed and gradually destroyed;
- Movements are restricted, the common mobility is partially or completely restricted.
- The spine is disturbed;
- Interdiscount hernia are formed;
- Neuralgia develops;
- The patient's standard of living with osteoarthritis is reduced;
- The person is hindered.
Diagnosis
First, they try to recognize structural changes in the affected areas to evaluate their severity and prevalence.In addition, the metabolic disorders in the body should be determined, which have become a favorable background for the occurrence of osteoarthritis.Therefore, the replacement rate consists of the following events:
- Radiography.
- Magnetic resonance imaging.
- Ultrasonic study.
- Arthroscopy.
- Biochemical blood tests (hormonal spectrum, inflammatory markers, calcium metabolism, rheumen).
Taking into account radiological characteristics, experts in the field of orthopedics and traumatology distinguish the following phases of osteoarthritis (classification of Kellgren-Lawrence):
- Stage 1 (dubious osteoarthritis) - suspicion of the narrowing of the common gap, osteophytes are not available or are available in a small amount.
- Level 2 (soft) - suspicion of the narrowing of the common gap, osteophytes are clearly defined.
- Level 3 (moderately) - A clear narrowing of the common gap is clearly expressed osteophytes, bone formations are possible.
- Stage 4 (heavy osteoarthritis) - a pronounced narrowing of the joint column, large osteophytes, pronounced bone formations and osteosclerosis.
Please note: The course of the disease taken into account is very slow and may not be characterized by symptoms in the first stage, and inconsistent joint pain and increased fatigue can also be inherent in healthy people with great physical exertion.Therefore, the independent diagnosis of osteoarthritis is almost impossible.
How to treat arthrosis of the joints
Principles of treatment of osteoarthritis:
- Eliminate excessive loads on the joints;
- Therapy with anti -inflammatory and analgesic pills.Chondroprotectors are also actively used for osteoarthritis in complex therapy.
- Physiotherapy sports lessons;
- Sanatorium treatment;
- Magnetotherapy, electrotherapy, laser therapy, shock wave therapy;
- Intra -Karticular oxygen therapy;
- Intraosseous Blockade;
- It is important to choose the right nutrition for osteoarthritis.
Medicine methods
How do you treat osteoarthritis with medication?This problem is most common in patients.The treatment is carried out with three groups of medicines:
- Chondroprotectors.The drugs of this group restore hyaline cartilage because they contain the components that are part of it.They are recommended by all patients in the form of long-term paper (courses 3-4 months 2 times a year).Use tablets and capsules.
- Hormonal corticosteroids.This group of drugs is most effective during the period of worsening arthrosis.Intramuscular injections are mostly done.However, a similar category of drugs in pharmacies is also shown in the form of paving and ointments - they are only used externally.You can expect a fairly fast and powerful effect.
- The use of non -steroidal anti -inflammatory drugs to reduce pain and to eliminate the inflammatory process.
- Injections.Injection medication quickly stops pain and reduce active symptoms.Intramuscular, intravenous or intra -karticular administration of medicine should only be carried out by a medical worker.These funds are unable to save the patient from the cause of the development of the disease, but to effectively reduce their negative manifestations.
Medications are used from other drugs for the treatment of osteoarthritis:
- Improving blood in the joints;
- Improvement of the supply of oxygen connection tissues - vitamins "B";
- act on metabolism in the cartilage;
- Desitis means that reduce the reactivity of the body;
- Synthetic hormones of the adrenal glands.
Surgical treatment
Surgical methods imply two options for solving the problem:
- The arthroscopy is an operation that is carried out on a painful connection.The puncture introduces a special needle that eliminates the damaged areas and polish the affected area.
- Prosthetics is a complex operation that exists when removing damaged connections and embedding a new one.Modern orthopedics entered far forward and released new, improved prostheses that are extremely rarely rejected by the body, and their wear does not cause any symptoms.
Training therapy for arthrosis
Medical physical education is used for osteoarthritis in the subacute stage.The main tasks of training therapy:
- Orthopedic correction (elimination of defects of the affected limbs);
- Acceptance of the static stress on the joints;
- Improving the mobility of the joint or preventing its deterioration.
Digoen gymnastics and a number of exercises for and strandable muscles and joints are carried out.Exercises for the affected joints will sit in a lying position, on the side or on the back.They are changed with breathing exercises that help to relax the muscles.The patient carries out movements in the affected joint independently or with the help of an instructor.
The appearance of pain should not be allowed during class.Exercises are carried out slowly and only after the removal of acute symptoms.Sudden and high amplitude movements should be avoided, which can cause unpleasant sensations.
Sports lessons must be involved in the supervision of a doctor, and after you have recorded the necessary skills, you can start at home.
Physiotherapy and manual therapy
The use of these treatment methods delivers very good results in the early stages of osteoarthritis.
- Manual treatment should only be carried out by an experienced doctor who has proven itself in the treatment of joint pathologies.For example, when treating the osteoarthritis of the knee joint, manual therapy together with the extraction of the limbs, the intra -card -cartular injections and taking chondroprotectors can quickly bring the patient to their feet.
- Physiotherapy is used as auxiliary treatment to speed up the rehabilitation period.Their main goal is to reduce inflammation and accelerate the regeneration of tissue.Processes such as: laser and cryotherapy, thermal treatment ozokerites, mud baths, paraffin therapy and UOFS are widespread.
Food and nutrition
The nutrition with osteoarthritis of the joints aims to correct metabolic processes, body weight, prevent irreversible changes in the hyalink cartilage of the joints, a decrease in the inflammatory process and the strengthening of the connection tissue connection structures.There is no special diet with osteoarthritis of the joints.The following principles are based on therapeutic nutrition:
- The food should be physiologically full and with a high content of vitamins and minerals.The energy value of nutrition for patients with normal weight should correspond to the average value of daily energy consumption and not exceed.
- The use of salt is limited to 5-8 g/day and salted products (salts, canned goods, chips, salted fish).
- The use of free liquid should be increased to 2-2.5 l/day.
- It is necessary to exclude product processing using roasts.The food should be baked, steamed, cooked or stew.
- You have to switch to frequent, fractional nutrition.
- Food should be taken in small portions that overeat and exclude weight gain.
The use of a hard extreme diet is prohibited for osteoarthritis.Since in this type of nutrition the body releases a large amount of liquid, which in turn washed out the calcium and potassium from the bones and joints.
Useful products:
- Fish and seafood, nuts, linen oil as Omega source - 3.
- Low -fat meat and jelly.
- Products rich in vitamin E, D, C, A and groups B. These are fresh fruit, vegetables and berries.It is particularly useful to use: beets, tomatoes, carrots, cabbage, blueberries, legumes, bananas, oranges, apples and whole grain bread.
- Ginger and other spices.
- Milk and dairy products are an excellent source of calcium.
- Useful freshly squeezed juices.
Forbidden products:
- Fast food, sausage products, semi -financed products, chips and all sophisticated products.
- Fat meat.
- Sdoba, white bread, sugar.
- Fat dairy products, salty cheese.
- Mayonnaise, transgenic fats.
- White rice, semolina.
- Marinades, nature conservation, salt.
- Alcohol, energy, soda.
Folk treatment methods
Before you use a folk remedy with folk remedies for arthrosis, be sure to consult your visiting doctor.
- Mix the nettle and juniper berries into a homogeneous mass.Combine 1: 3. To relieve the pain, rub the painful joints up to three times a day.
- The roots, flowers or branches of an Ostberry black.Pour 1 tablespoon.Spoons of raw materials with 1 glass of boiling water.On top of that, wrapping, 3 hours, then demolition.Drink 1/4 cup up to 4 times a day 30 minutes before eating.
- Cook 10 g of bay leaf in 250 ml of water for five minutes.Leave for five hours.Drink in small swallow all day to time.We rest for three days that we treat for five, then we are treated for three days.
- Mustard compress with honey.Mix the mustard powder with honey and add an egg.Place the resulting ointment on Gauze and apply to the wounds.
- Complex compress.Cut the cabbage slightly into pieces and go through the juicer.Moist the natural wool fabric in the juice and attach it to the painful point.
- A series is another excellent means of treating osteoarthritis.Cook 250 ml of boiling water 2 large tablespoons of a series.The decoction is ready after 20 minutes.Take 2 spoons before eating three times a day.The course is 30 days.
- The ointment of chamomile, calendula and burdock is good with pain, relieves inflammation.To prepare, you have to mix in the same quantity of killing blossoms, calendula, burdock root, connect herbs with oil jelly and leave for 1-2 days.Use ointment for severe pain up to 5 times a day.
- Place the same parts of willow bark, birch and calendula flowers in boiling water.Let the mixture boil for 10 minutes and then let it brew under the lid in the same amount.You have to cool down half an hour of 200 ml before eating.
prevention
In a decrease in arthrosis, the following moments play an important role:
- get rid of additional pounds;
- Treatment of musculoskeletal pathologies;
- active movement throughout life;
- correct nutrition (diet, balanced diet);
- Avoid shared hypothermia;
- A healthy lifestyle with the right regime.